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''Vice'' is a print magazine and website focused on arts, culture, and news topics. Founded in 1994 in Montreal, Canada, the magazine later expanded into Vice Media, which consists of divisions including the magazine and website, a film production company, a record label, and a publishing imprint. As of February 2015, the magazine's Chief Creative Officer is Eddy Moretti, Andrew Creighton is President, the editor-in-chief is Ellis Jones and Alex Miller is the global head of content. As of October 2014, 29 Vice bureaus exist on every continent except Africa and Antarctica. The monthly publication is frequently focused on a single theme. == History == Founded by Gavin McInnes, Suroosh Alvi and Shane Smith, the magazine was launched in 1994 as the ''Voice of Montreal'' with government funding, and the intention of the founders was to provide work and a community service.〔 When the editors later sought to dissolve their commitments with the original publisher Alix Laurent, they bought him out and changed the name to ''Vice'' in 1996.〔 Richard Szalwinski, a Canadian software millionaire, acquired the magazine and relocated the operation to New York City, U.S. in the late 1990s. Following the relocation, the magazine quickly developed a reputation for provocative and politically incorrect content. Under Szalwinski's ownership, a small number of retail stores were also opened in New York City and customers could purchase fashion items that were advertised in the magazine. However, due to the end of the dot-com bubble, the three founders eventually regained ownership of the Vice brand, followed by the closure of the stores.〔 The British edition of ''Vice'' was launched in 2002 and Andy Capper was its first editor. Capper explained in an interview shortly after the UK debut that the publication's remit was to cover "the things we're meant to be ashamed of," and articles were published on topics such as bukkake and bodily functions. By the end of 2007, 13 foreign editions of ''Vice'' magazine were published, the Vice independent record label was functional, and the online video channel VBS.com had garnered 184,000 unique viewers from the U.S. during the month of August. The media company was still based in New York City, but the magazine began featuring articles on topics that were considered more serious, such as armed conflict in Iraq, than previous content. Alvi explained to the ''New York Times'' in November 2007: "The world is much bigger than the Lower East Side and the East Village."〔 McInnes left the publication in 2008, citing "creative differences" as the primary issue. In an email communication dated 23 January, McInnes explained: "I no longer have anything to do with Vice or VBS or DOs & DON'Ts or any of that. It's a long story but we've all agreed to leave it at "creative differences," so please don't ask me about it." At the commencement of 2012, an article in ''Forbes'' magazine referred to the Vice company as "Vice Media," but the precise time when this title development occurred is not public knowledge. Vice acquired the fashion magazine ''i-D'' in December 2012 and, by February 2013, Vice produced 24 global editions of the magazine, with a global circulation of 1,147,000 (100,000 in the UK). By this stage, Alex Miller had replaced Capper as the editor-in-chief of the UK edition. Furthermore, Vice consisted of 800 worldwide employees, including 100 in London, and around 3,500 freelancers also produced content for the company.〔 In mid-August 2013, Rupert Murdoch's corporation 21st Century Fox invested US$70 million in Vice Media, resulting in a 5 percent stake. Following the announcement, Smith explained, "We have set ourselves up to build a global platform but we have maintained control." In June 2014, it was reported that Time Warner was negotiating to acquire a stake in Vice Media. The company also planned to give Vice control over its television channel HLN, a spin-off network of CNN that had struggled to transform into a younger-skewing, social media-oriented news service. However, the deal was not finalized, as the companies were unable to agree on a proper valuation. It was then revealed on 29 August 2014, that A&E Networks—a joint venture of Hearst Corporation and The Walt Disney Company—would acquire a 10 percent minority stake in Vice Media for US$250 million. On 2 July 2014, Vice Media announced that it would be relocating into a warehouse space in Williamsburg formerly occupied by music venues 285 Kent, Death by Audio, and Glasslands. Vice spent US$20 million to renovate the building as part of an eight-year lease, facilitating the establishment of new production facilities with full broadcast capabilities, and received an offer of US$6.5 million in tax credits from New York state's Empire State Development. On 30 October 2014, Vice Media announced a CDN$100 million joint venture with Rogers Communications that will facilitate the construction of production facilities in Toronto for the creation of locally produced content, as well as the introduction of a Vice-branded television network and digital properties in Canada in 2015. Rogers CEO Guy Laurence described the proposed studio as "a powerhouse for Canadian digital content focused on 18- to 34-year-olds" that will be "exciting" and provocative." The content of the partnership will be aimed primarily toward digital platforms. In late 2014, VICE Media announced that Alyssa Mastromonaco, who formerly worked in the Obama administration, would come on board as the company's chief operating officer in January 2015, and that James Schwab, who had previously advised VICE and Dreamworks on media deals, would be joining as Co-President. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vice (magazine)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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